White terror, French Revolution, 1843 (engraving)

White terror: a group of muscadins or reactors, led by Freron, nicknamed the “black collets” as a sign of mourning, in relation to the death of Louis XVI show their rejection of the revolutionary order - Reunited in a band around singers and composers Pierre Garat and Jean Elleviou, Ange Pitou, playwright Alphonse Martainville and publicist Isidore Langlois, led by the Marquis de Saint-Huruge, an adventurer, and increasingly taking a counter-revolutionary orientation, they led a noisy agitation in the Palais-Royal district in Paris (First White Terror: Muscadins, or Incrediables, in 1795, carrying their “” constitutions” refer to mobs of young men, relatively well-off and dressed in a dandyish manner, who were the street fighters of the Thermidorian Reaction in Paris in the French Revolution - After the coup against Robespierre and the Jacobins of 9 Thermidor Year II, or 27 July 1794, they took on the remaining Jacobins and sans-panlottes, and largely succeeded in suppressing them over the next year or two - In prints they are often seen carrying large wooden clubs, which they liked to call “” constitutions”” - They were supposedly organized by the politician and journalist Louis-Marie Stanislas Freron) Engraving from “” Les francais sous la revolution”” by Challamel and Tenint, 1843