Goshen, from Hispano-Moresque Haggadah, MS Or 2737, f.73r, 1275-1324 (vellum)

Hagadah for Passover according to the Spanish rite (the 'Hispano-Moresque Hagadah'). Full-page miniature of the land of Goshen separated by God from other parts of Egypt, not struck by the plague of arov (the fourth plague), in an architectural frame (Ex. 8:18). In Christian iconography following the translation of the Vulgate, which translates arov as omne genus muscarum, that is, 'all kinds of flies', the fourth plague is depicted as flies. Jewish iconography follows the rabbinical explanation of arov depicting it as various kinds of wild animals (see, e.g., the Rashi's commentary on Ex. 8:21).